As we grow older, our bodies undergo many natural changes and our spine is no exception. The spine, which supports our body’s structure and mobility, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of ageing. Over time, these changes can increase the risk of developing spinal conditions like slipped discs, also known as herniated or prolapsed discs.
While many people associate back pain with injuries or poor posture, the ageing process itself plays a major role in weakening the spine and making it prone to disc problems.
Understanding the Spine’s Structure
The human spine is a remarkable structure made up of 33 vertebrae stacked on top of each other, separated by soft intervertebral discs. These discs act like cushions, absorbing shocks and allowing the spine to bend, twist, and move freely. The annulus fibrosus is the stiff outer layer of each disc, while the nucleus pulposus is the soft, gel-like interior.
When we’re young, these discs are well-hydrated and flexible.
But as we age:
- They begin to lose water content and elasticity.
- This dehydration causes the discs to shrink, making them thinner and less effective at absorbing impacts.
- As a result, the vertebrae move closer together, reducing the space between them and placing extra stress on the discs and surrounding structures.
- This gradual loss of disc height and flexibility makes the spine more vulnerable to injuries, such as disc bulges or herniations.
Degenerative Disc Disease
A common consequence of ageing is Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD). Despite its name, DDD isn’t a disease in the traditional sense; it refers to the natural breakdown of the discs over time. As the discs wear down, they become less capable of cushioning the vertebrae, leading to increased friction and pressure on the spinal joints.
Degenerative changes in the discs can cause small cracks in the outer layer of the disc. Over time, the soft inner material can push through these cracks, leading to a bulging or herniated disc. This herniation can press on nearby spinal nerves, causing pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms depending on the location of the affected disc.
Older adults with DDD are therefore at a higher risk of experiencing a slipped disc, which can interfere with daily activities and reduce quality of life.
Reduced Flexibility and Muscle Support
Another factor that contributes to spinal issues in older adults is reduced flexibility and muscle strength.
As we age, the muscles that support the spine, particularly the core and back muscles, tend to weaken if not regularly exercised. Weak muscles fail to stabilise the spine properly, leaving the vertebrae and discs more exposed to strain and injury.
At the same time, ligaments and joints in the spine can stiffen with age, reducing the spine’s natural range of motion. This stiffness makes it harder for the spine to adapt to movements, increasing the likelihood of strains or disc problems.
Without strong muscles and flexible ligaments to support the spinal column, even simple activities like bending, lifting, or twisting can place extra stress on the discs and lead to herniation.
Other Contributing Factors
In addition to the natural ageing process, several other factors can worsen spinal health as we get older.
- Poor posture, whether from prolonged sitting, slouching at a desk, or incorrect sleeping positions, can lead to spinal misalignment and uneven disc pressure. Over time, this can accelerate disc degeneration and increase the risk of a slipped disc.
- Obesity is another major risk factor, as carrying extra weight places additional pressure on the lower back and spine. This added stress can speed up disc wear and increase the chances of herniation.
- Osteoporosis, a condition common in older adults, weakens bones and can contribute to spinal fractures or structural instability, indirectly affecting disc health.
- Genetics may also play a role, with some people being more predisposed to disc problems as they age.
- Other factors like smoking, lack of exercise, and repetitive movements from past occupations can also contribute to the degeneration of spinal discs.
Prevention Strategies
Although ageing is unavoidable, the risk of developing a slipped disc can be reduced. By taking proactive steps to maintain spinal health, older adults can protect their spine and stay active for longer.
- Regular low-impact exercises such as swimming, yoga, or walking can help strengthen core and back muscles, improving spinal support.
- Stretching exercises can maintain flexibility and reduce stiffness in the joints and ligaments.
- Physiotherapy and guided posture correction can ensure proper alignment and reduce unnecessary strain on the spine.
- Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and using proper techniques when lifting or bending can further reduce the risk of disc-related issues.
- For individuals with existing back pain or degenerative changes, non-surgical treatments like spinal decompression treatment, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications can offer significant relief without the risks of surgery.
About ANSSI:
ANSSI Wellness focuses on improving the quality of life for patients suffering from spinal issues, aiming to provide relief where other conventional treatments have failed. Through advanced non-surgical spinal decompression treatment, ANSSI is committed to helping patients avoid surgery and recover in a safe, effective, and compassionate environment.
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